Abstract
The regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have laid a sound foundation for their clinical application in various diseases. However, the clinical efficiency of MSC treatments varies depending on certain cell characteristics. Among these, the roles of cell aging or senescence cannot be excluded. Despite their stemness, evidence of senescence in MSCs has recently gained attention. Many factors may contribute to the senescence of MSCs, including MSC origin (biological niche), donor conditions (age, obesity, diseases, or unknown factors), and culture conditions in vitro. With the rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the effects of hyperglycemia on the senescence of MSCs should be evaluated to improve the application of autologous MSCs. This review aims to present the available data on the senescence of MSCs, its relationship with hyperglycemia, and the strategies to suppress the senescence of MSCs in a hyperglycemic environment.
Highlights
Mesodermal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have self-renewal and multi-differentiation potential and can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes (Timaner et al, 2020)
Various studies have shown that hyperglycemia may induce MSC senescence and diminish crucial functions of MSCs, such as cell proliferation, differentiation capacity, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory capability, which remarkably restrict their therapeutic efficiency
The appropriate use of MSCs for clinical applications demands a general knowledge of the MSC senescence process
Summary
Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China. Reviewed by: Philippe Bourin, Independent Researcher, Toulouse, France Gianandrea Pasquinelli, University of Bologna, Italy. The regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have laid a sound foundation for their clinical application in various diseases. The roles of cell aging or senescence cannot be excluded. Despite their stemness, evidence of senescence in MSCs has recently gained attention. Many factors may contribute to the senescence of MSCs, including MSC origin (biological niche), donor conditions (age, obesity, diseases, or unknown factors), and culture conditions in vitro.
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