Abstract
Over the decades, female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has grown to be an increasingly potential problem that complicates the quality of life among women. In the current review, FSD refers to recurrent and persistent problems with sexual orgasm, desire, or response. One of the most common subtypes of FSD that has evoked increased research interest in the scientific community is hyposexuality. Today, there is a consensus that hyposexuality is a multifactorial condition that manifests with reduced sexual desire resulting in significant interpersonal distress. The objective of the current review was to examine how hormonal profile triggers propagate hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), and to highlight effective treatment interventions that can be used to manage the condition. The current review describes HSDD as a sexual dysfunction characterized by the absence or lack of sexual desire and fantasies for sexual activities. The review argues that even if the role of sexual hormones is essential in modulating HSDD through therapeutic interventions, an effective comprehension of the biologic mechanisms underlying HSDD is necessary. There is a consensus in the literature that HSDD still poses significant challenges due to the lack of properly formulated treatment regimens and absence of clear clinical guidelines. That is, a better intervention consisting of both psycho-relational and biologic aspects is compulsory if tailored management and accurate diagnosis of HSDD in clinical practice are to be realised. The review concludes that, to date, a reliable clinical intervention to manage hyposexuality is still absent and more interventions, in terms of safety and efficacy, are required. Thus, additional investigation is required to document precise hormonal or non-hormonal pharmacotherapeutic agents for individualised care among patients with HSDD.
Highlights
The problem of low sexual desire affects women of all ages, which contributes to potential negative outcomes including reduced well-being and quality of life [1,2]
A similar claim has been supported by the American Foundation for Urologic Disease, on the basis that both sexually-related individual distress and low sexual desire should be observed for a person to be positively diagnosed as having hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) [7,8]
212 Role of hormones in hypoactive sexual desire disorder and current treatment health found that young women who had undergone surgical procedures reported high levels of HSDD resulting from the effects of bilateral oophorectomy where both ovaries are removed
Summary
The problem of low sexual desire affects women of all ages, which contributes to potential negative outcomes including reduced well-being and quality of life [1,2]. The International Classification of Disease by the World Health Organization [7] and the DSM-IV tool [6] have reached a consensus that the definition of HSDD must include several aspects of accurate diagnosis These include the presence of interpersonal difficulties and/or personal distress, in addition to the lack of sexual desires or fantasies for sex-related activities [6,7]. Despite the current consensus in the literature that FSD can manifest at any age in a woman’s life, researchers such as Sarrel [16] documented that during menopause, up to 40% of women experience reduced sexual libido. The subsections elaborate on the relationship between low testosterone and oestrogen levels on HSDD
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