Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate three kinds of intermediate connectors (ICs) having a general configuration of “LiNH2-doped 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen)/hole injection layer (HIL)/N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPB)”, in which the HIL is 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN), MoO3 or MoO3-doped NPB, respectively. Tandem organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), vertically stacking two electroluminescence units, are fabricated using these intermediate connectors in between. The results show that, higher power efficiency is achievable in the cases of utilizing HAT-CN and MoO3-doped NPB as HILs in the intermediate connectors versus MoO3, whereas higher current efficiency can be obtained in the cases of using MoO3 and MoO3-doped NPB versus HAT-CN. We use the current density–voltage and low frequency differential capacitance–voltage measurements and find that the HILs primarily influence the voltage drop and the charge generation capability of intermediate connectors. The correlation between the effectiveness of intermediate connectors and the performances of tandem OLEDs is established, which can shed light on choosing suitable component materials to optimize the intermediate connectors.
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