Role of habitat components on the dynamics of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from New Orleans.

Abstract

Monthly sampling of tire pile populations of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Orleans Parish, New Orleans, LA, was done in 1995 to determine prevalence of ascogregarine parasites and changes in wing length. Prevalence of Ascogregarina taiwanensis (Lien & Levine) infection was 100% in midsummer and decreased in the fall and spring (60-70%). Wing lengths were longest in the spring and fall and shortest in midsummer. We evaluated the effect of A. taiwanensis infections under high and deficient levels of leaf litter nutrients on mortality, development time, wing length, and reproductive potential of a New Orleans strain of Ae. albopictus. Parasitism and deficient nutrients caused a 35% increase in the rate of larval mortality and significantly extended the development time of females. Parasitized adults were 5% smaller and produced 23% fewer eggs than unparasitized siblings. In addition, abnormal Malpighian tubule morphology and melanization of ascogregarines were seen in adults from nutrient-deficient microcosms. We conclude that ascogregarine infections affect the dynamics of Ae. albopictus by increasing the mortality of immature stages when nutrients supplies are scarce, and by decreasing the reproductive capacity of females under high nutrient conditions.