Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors regulate signal transduction pathways and play diverse and pivotal roles in the physiology of insects, however, the precise function of GPCRs in insecticide resistance remains unclear. Using quantitative RT-PCR and functional genomic methods, we, for the first time, explored the function of GPCRs and GPCR-related genes in insecticide resistance of mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus. A comparison of the expression of 115 GPCR-related genes at a whole genome level between resistant and susceptible Culex mosquitoes identified one and three GPCR-related genes that were up-regulated in highly resistant Culex mosquito strains, HAmCqG8 and MAmCqG6, respectively. To characterize the function of these up-regulated GPCR-related genes in resistance, the up-regulated GPCR-related genes were knockdown in HAmCqG8 and MAmCqG6 using RNAi technique. Knockdown of these four GPCR-related genes not only decreased resistance of the mosquitoes to permethrin but also repressed the expression of four insecticide resistance-related P450 genes, suggesting the role of GPCR-related genes in resistance is involved in the regulation of resistance P450 gene expression. This results help in understanding of molecular regulation of resistance development in Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Highlights
G-protein-coupled receptors regulate signal transduction pathways and play diverse and pivotal roles in the physiology of insects, the precise function of GPCRs in insecticide resistance remains unclear
Given the focus of this study is on GPCR-biological process analysis, 47 GPCR-related genes were identified as potential GPCRs regulatory pathways in insecticide resistance regulation
These results suggest the possibility that these up-regulated GPCRrelated genes are involved in permethrin resistance in Culex mosquitoes
Summary
G-protein-coupled receptors regulate signal transduction pathways and play diverse and pivotal roles in the physiology of insects, the precise function of GPCRs in insecticide resistance remains unclear. Knockdown of these four GPCR-related genes decreased resistance of the mosquitoes to permethrin and repressed the expression of four insecticide resistance-related P450 genes, suggesting the role of GPCR-related genes in resistance is involved in the regulation of resistance P450 gene expression This results help in understanding of molecular regulation of resistance development in Cx. quinquefasciatus. To address the potential function of GPCRs and GPCR-related genes in the development of insecticide resistance in the mosquito, Cx. quinquefasciatus, we characterized the expression level of a total of 115 GPCR and GPCR-related genes in a series of susceptible to highly resistant Culex mosquito strains. Our findings suggest that the resulting interference with GPCR and GPCR-related gene expression could provide a new opportunity for resistance prevention in mosquitoes and other insect pests
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