Role of glutamate and advantages of combining memantine with a 5HT6 ligand in a model of depression

Abstract

BackgroundIt is a well-known fact that 5HT6 ligands increase glutamate levels. In the current study we investigated whether a 5HT6 antagonist, SB399885 would show antidepressant like property at a dose which would significantly increase the glutamate levels. Further we studied if the combination of a 5HT6 antagonist and N-methyl-d-asparate (NMDA) antagonist, memantine would restore the antidepressant property. As dementia and depression are co-morbid, we evaluated if this combination would have an effect on cognition. MethodsThe antidepressant like property of SB399885 alone and in combination with memantine was investigated using the forced swim test (FST). Object recognition task (ORT) was used to investigate the combination therapy on cognition. Additionally, glutamate levels in prefrontal cortex and corresponding brain concentration of SB399885 were determined. ResultsBrain concentrations of SB399885 equal to or greater than 553nM significantly increased brain glutamate levels and reduced immobility time in FST. When combined with memantine, glutamate levels and immobility time in FST was reduced. A dose dependent increase in the discriminative index was observed in ORT. ConclusionLoss of antidepressant like property seen at the highest tested dose of SB399885 could be due to increased glutamate levels which was reversed by memantine. Combining memantine and SB399885 offers the advantage of extending the therapeutic window of antidepressant like property of SB399885 as well as having procognitve effect. The combination therapy holds promise in treatment of dementia associated with depression.