Abstract
Pharmacogenetics is concerned with the genetic basis for interindividual differences in the clinical reponse to drugs. The study of genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism has been an area of particular interest. A genetic polymorphism is a monogenic or mendelian trait that exists in the population in at least two phenotypes (and presumably in at least two genotypes), the rarest of whom exists in at least 1%–2% (Vogel and Motulsky 1982). Thus, two phenotypes are discernible in the case of genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism: a slowly metabolizing phenotype who may develop toxic plasma (tissue) concentrations when a standard dose regimen is employed and a rapidly metabolizing phenotype who may develop subtherapeutic concentrations.
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