Role of free media and political openness in achieving resources efficiency and sustainability

Abstract

Analyzing data spanning from 2000 to 2020 across 15 OPEC economies, unveil a notable positive correlation, indicating that a 1% increase in the press freedom index corresponds to a remarkable 0.47% boost in the resource efficiency index. Conversely, a significant negative correlation emerges between Control of Corruption and resource intensity, highlighting a 0.23% reduction for every 1% improvement in corruption control. Key determinants such as Regulatory Regulation, Political Stability, and “Voice and Accountability” play crucial roles in diminishing resource intensity. Intriguingly, patent applications unexpectedly demonstrate a positive association with resource intensity, suggesting a potential concentration on traditional industries. The educational composition of the workforce exhibits an insignificant impact on resource intensity. In conclusion, strategic policies for OPEC should prioritize enhancing Control of Corruption, implementing robust Regulatory Regulation, fostering Political Stability, and cultivating a participatory environment to achieve resource efficiency.