Role of Folic Acid in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

The metabolic condition known as diabetes mellitus is marked by hyperglycemia, a host of symptoms affecting the heart, kidneys, nerves, and other organs. Diabetes nephropathy is one of the leading causes of diabetic impermanence and morbid state. Low parameters of pteroylglutamic acid in the blood are associated with Diabetic Nephropathy, whereas endothelial dysfunction increases the risk for T2D.
 Endothelial dysfunction is associated with diabetes, which perhaps is caused by the disjunction of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase enzyme, which reduces NO availability. Because folic acid can repair the disjunction of NO synthase, we sought to see if pteroylglutamic acid supplementation may affect the function of the endothelial layer and inflammatory indicators in type 2 diabetes patients who did not have vascular disease.
 Recent studies have shown that pteroylglutamic acid also has direct benefits on the function of endo, in addition to its natural function of lowering homocysteine. Folic acid might serve as a "biomarker" for the function of endothelial cells. Many mechanisms have been linked to higher total homocysteine levels and type 2 diabetes risk in diabetic patients. Higher folic acid levels altered endothelial-dependent vasodilation in T2D patients. In patients with coronary heart disease (CAD), folic acid supplementation has been found to reduce homocysteine parameters and improve the function of the endothelial layer. On the other hand, RCTs looking at IR and T2D outcomes have shown mixed results.
 Several mechanisms link higher total homocysteine levels to increased risk of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Treatment with folate has been shown to bring down homocysteine parameters and improve the endothelium functions in people with coronary heart disease (CAD). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on IR and T2D outcomes, on the other hand, have produced a wide range of results.