Role of Flavonoids in Modulation of Mitochondria Dynamics during Oxidative Stress.

Abstract

Flavonoids are a widespread category of naturally occurring polyphenols distinguished by the flavan nucleus in plant-based foods and beverages, known for their various health benefits. Studies have suggested that consuming 150-500 mg of flavonoids daily is beneficial for health. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids are involved in maintaining mitochondrial activity and preventing impairment of mitochondrial dynamics by oxidative stress. This review emphasized the significance of studying the impact of flavonoids on mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. This review analysed and summarised the findings related to the impact of flavonoids on mitochondria from publicly available search engines namely Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Any disruption in mitochondrial dynamics can contribute to cellular dysfunction and diseases, including cancer, cardiac conditions, and neurodegeneration. Flavonoids have been shown to modulate mitochondrial dynamics by regulating protein expression involved in fission and fusion events. Furthermore, flavonoids exhibit potent antioxidant properties by lowering the production of ROS and boosting the performance of antioxidant enzymes. Persistent inflammation is a characteristic of many different disorders. This is because flavonoids also alter the inflammatory response by controlling the expression of numerous cytokines and chemokines involved in the inflammatory process. Flavonoids exhibit an impressive array of significant health effects, making them an effective therapeutic agent for managing various disorders. Further this review summarised available mechanisms underlying flavonoids' actions on mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress to recognize the optimal dose and duration of flavonoid intake for therapeutic purposes. This review may provide a solid foundation for developing targeted therapeutic interventions utilizing flavonoids, ultimately benefiting individuals afflicted with various disorders.