Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in Surgical Intervention of Thyroid Lesions: in Correlation with Thyroid Hormone Profile

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the Thyroid is over half a century old and has been shown to be superior to clinical, radionucleotide or thyroid ultrasound assessment alone. It is the most accurate, cost-effective, and simplest screening test for rapid diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Evaluation of both cytomorphological pattern and thyroid hormone profile aids in early detection of various thyroid diseases there by reducing surgical intervention. Aims and Objectives: To correlate role of thyroid hormone profile (T3, T4 and TSH) with cytology results, in various thyroid disorders like diffuse nontoxic goiter, diagnosis of solitary/dominant thyroid nodule and thyroid malignancy. To evaluate the clinical correlation with Euthyroid, Hypo and Hyperthyroid picture in various disorders. To calculate the percentage of surgical intervention for various thyroid disorders in view of thyroid profile in correlation with FNAC findings. Material and methods: All patients who underwent thyroid FNAC from July 2017 to June 2018 have been included in the study only if Thyroid profile has been done. The various lesions have been categorised as Euthyroid, Hypothyroid and Hyperthyroid as per the hormone analysis results. The FNAC findings have been reported as per the Bethesda System and classified as per the latest WHO guidelines. Results: predominantly affected gender was females (91.25%), most common affected age group was 41-50 years (30%), 88.75% were euthyroid patients, most common benign lesion on FNAC was nodular goiter (33.75%), malignant lesion was papillary thyroid carcinoma (18.75%), thyroid profile in various thyroid lesions were euthyroid.