Abstract
Angiography, either conventional catheter angiography or non-invasive techniques such as CT and MR angiography and ultrasound, is used for the investigation of arterial and venous pathology in the neck. Its primary use is for the evaluation of the presence and severity of carotid stenosis. Other conditions such as vertebral artery stenosis and occlusion, carotid and vertebral artery dissection and fibromuscular dysplasia are less common but easily detectable with conventional angiography and, as will be discussed below, are becoming increasingly reliably evaluated by non-invasive imaging.
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