Abstract
IntroductionThe treatment options for upper ureteric stones range from open surgeries to minimally invasive and non invasive techniques. Presently the two most frequently used options for upper ureteric calculi that require intervention are extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureterorenoscopy (URS) with contact lithotripsy applied by attaining endoscopic access to the calculi. ObjectiveThe objective of this study is meant to evaluate ESWL in the treatment of upper ureteric stones ≤2 cm in terms of stone free rates, complications and procedure time. Patients and methodSeventy six patients were subjected to ESWL as primary modality for treatment of upper ureteric stone. ESWL group had mean stone size of 10.58 mm. The stone free rate was 93.4% for ESWL. The sample size was adequate as it was determined by statistician by applying pertinent formulas. ResultsIt was observed that the stone free rate in ESWL group was higher (97.7%) when the stone size was ≤10 mm and when the duration of symptoms was <1 month. ESWL was advantageous in terms of procedural time with no requirement of anaesthesia. The complications in ESWL were minor in nature and were not statistically significant. ConclusionIn conclusion, this study shows that ESWL is an important modality in treating upper ureteric calculi ≤2 cm in size and we strongly recommend ESWL as the first choice of procedure in solitary upper ureteric calculi ≤10 mm size.
Highlights
The treatment options for upper ureteric stones range from open surgeries to minimally invasive and non invasive techniques
The two most frequently used options for ureteric calculi that require intervention are SWL and URS with contact lithotripsy applied by attaining endoscopic access to the calculi
The majority of the patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) were in the age group of 31–60 years being 59.2% of cases followed by patients who were less than 30 years of age
Summary
The treatment options for upper ureteric stones range from open surgeries to minimally invasive and non invasive techniques. The two most frequently used options for upper ureteric calculi that require intervention are extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureterorenoscopy (URS) with contact lithotripsy applied by attaining endoscopic access to the calculi. Objective: The objective of this study is meant to evaluate ESWL in the treatment of upper ureteric stones ≤2 cm in terms of stone free rates, complications and procedure time. The two most frequently used options for ureteric calculi that require intervention are SWL and URS with contact lithotripsy applied by attaining endoscopic access to the calculi. In the present study we would present data from our institution on the usefulness of SWL in the treatment of upper ureteric stones less than 2 cm in size
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