Role of epigenetics in cardiovascular diseases: An out and out check

Abstract

Epigenetics is a rapidly growing field that deals with the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a change in DNA sequence. DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding or microRNAs are the three major mechanisms of epigenetics that can best explain how genes are regulated. These processes are mediated by various enzymes such as DNA methyltransferases, histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, and microRNA biogenesis enzymes. Dysregulation of these enzymes can lead to various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In recent years, the role of epigenetics in CVDs has gained significant attention as an important regulatory key player in the pathophysiology and therapeutics of these diseases. Epigenetics is an area of scientific study that has been instrumental in exploring the mechanisms that control gene expression. It has been observed that changes in chromatin or its packaging have a large impact on DNA accessibility, which leads to modifications in various cellular processes. DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding or microRNAs are the primary tools used by epigenetics to regulate these changes. A variety of enzymes responsible for DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs have been found to play a critical role in the onset of various CVDs (cardiovascular diseases). Epigenetics is now regarded as an important player in the regulation of cardiovascular disease at various levels, from pathophysiology to therapeutic interventions. This article comprehensively investigates the diverse epigenetic aspects which are associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disorders.