Role of Dietary Acid on Maximal Respiratory Exchange Ratio and Anaerobic Exercise Performance

Abstract

WWEIA data were used to assess energy intake and food sources of energy in the diets of children 2-19 years of age (N1⁄418,363) over the last decade. Regression analyses were conducted to determine a p-for-trend across the NHANES data releases (2001-2002, 2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, and 2009-2010). Covariate adjusted energy intake was 2020 9 kcal/d. Major contributors of energy (mean SE, kcal/d) in the diet across the decade were Grains (790 8); Meat, Poultry, Fish and Mixtures (321 4); Milk and Milk Products (300 4); and Sugars, Sweets and Beverages (282 4). Energy intake decreased across the five NHANES releases; there was a significant (p<0.0001) p-for-trend of -44 kcal/d per release (-42 in those 2-11 yrs and -45 in those 12-19 yrs). The largest decrease in energy was from Sugars, Sweets and Beverages (-20 kcal/d per release, p<0.0001). There were smaller decreases (kcal/d per release) in Milk and Milk Products (-7; p<0.01), Vegetables (-5; p<0.001), and Fats, Oils and Salad Dressings (-3; p<0.0001). The largest decrease (p<0.0001) in energy was in Soft Drinks (Carbonated) of -15 kcal/d per release (-9 in those 2-11 yrs and -22 in those 12-19 yrs). There were smaller decreases (p<0.01) (kcal/d per release) in Cereals, Not Cooked (-7), Milks and Milk Drinks (-6), Cakes, Cookies, Pies, Pastries (-5), White Potatoes and Starchy Vegetables (-5), Sugars and Sweets (-4), Salad Dressings (-3), and Beef (-3). Energy intake decreased in children over the decade and warrants monitoring over time to assess if this leads to better weight status for American children.