Role of cytomegalovirus specific cell-mediated immunity in the monitoring of cytomegalovirus infection among living donor liver transplantation adult recipients: A single-center experience.

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common post-transplant viral infections causing significant morbidity and occasional mortality. Limited literature on the potential role of pre-transplant CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMV-CMI) is available. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of pre-transplant CMV-CMI monitoring in the occurrence of post-transplant CMV infection. This was a prospective, observational study where all adult CMV seropositive patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation at a tertiary care institute were enrolled. CMV-CMI was measured using QuantiFERON-CMV (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and interpreted as positive if the value was ≥0.2 IU/ml, 1-2 days prior to the transplant. Based on pre-transplant CMV-CMI, cases were classified into Group 1 (n=13, 43.3%) (positive) and Group 2 (n=17, 56.7%) (negative). CMV infection was defined as the detection of CMV-DNA > 2.7 log10 IU/ml in plasma specimens. The mean age was 43 years with male (n=29, 96.9%) predominance. Overall 40% of recipients developed post-transplant CMV infection, two (15.4%) in group 1 and 10 (58.8%) in group 2 (p-value=0.016). Recipients in group 2 had 87% higher odds (odds ratio 0.13, confidence interval [CI] 95) of developing post-transplant CMV infection compared to group 1. The overall median duration of occurrence of post-transplant CMV infection was 26 days with the median viral load being 2.8 log10 IU/ml. The treatment duration was 13 days in group 1 and 28 days in group 2 (p=0.003). Group 1 recipients showed rapid clearance of CMV-DNA within 7 days compared to group 2 in which it was 21 days (p=0.004, CI 95). Pre-transplant CMV-CMI may play a protective role against post-transplant CMV infection and can serve as an adjunct for pre-transplant risk stratification.