Role of Cu content in microstructure, mechanical, corrosion, tribological and antibacterial behavior of spark plasma sintered Ti–B-xCu alloys for dental application

Abstract

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was applied to in-situ fabricate the Ti–B-xCu (x = 3, 5.5, and 8 wt%) alloys for dental applications. A comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the role of the Cu content in the microstructure, mechanical, corrosion, tribological, and bactericidal behavior of these alloys. The results indicate that an increased Cu content is favorable to the refinement of TiB and the formation of lamellar Ti2Cu phases. These factors contribute to an enhancement in yield strength (YS) and microhardness, whereas they result in a reduction in ultimate compressive strength (UCS) and fracture strain (FS). Furthermore, the corrosion rate is proportional to the Cu content, thereby affecting the antibacterial activity against S. aureus. An increased antibacterial activity is obtained at a higher Cu content. Although adding Cu elements is helpful to enhance wear resistance, it is crucial to exercise caution in order to prevent excessive Cu content within the alloy. It revealed that the Ti–B-5.5Cu alloy exhibits desirable overall properties and holds considerable potential for dental applications.