Role of Cr in Mn-rich precipitates for Al–Mn–Cr–Zr-based alloys tailored for additive manufacturing

Abstract

Novel alloy concepts enabled via additive manufacturing processes have opened up the possibility of tailoring properties beyond the scope of conventional casting and powder metallurgy processes. The authors have previously presented a novel Al–Mn–Cr–Zr-based alloy system containing three times the equilibrium amounts of Mn and Zr. The alloys were produced via a powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) process taking advantage of rapid cooling and solidification characteristics of the process. This supersaturation can then be leveraged to provide high precipitation hardening via direct ageing heat treatments. The hardening is enabled with Zr-rich and Mn-rich precipitates. Literature study confirms that Mn-rich precipitates have a notable solubility of Cr, for example, the Al12Mn precipitate. This study aims to clarify the effect of Cr solubility in the thermodynamics and kinetics simulation and compare the precipitation simulations with samples subject to >1000 h isothermal heat treatment, thus creating an equilibrium-like state. The results show that Cr addition to the precipitates stabilizes the Al12Mn precipitate while slowing the precipitation kinetics thus producing a favourable hardening response. Such observations could be insightful while designing such alloys and optimising heat treatments of the current or even a future alloy system.