Abstract
Clinical application of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial current stimulation (TCS, encompassing transcranial direct current stimulation, cranial electrotherapy stimulation, transcranial electric stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy) are promising non-invasive approaches for the treatment of a number of psychiatric disorders and pain. The cortex is the most common target of these non-invasive brain stimulation modalities. Cellular level studies of the electric fields, imposed by these brain stimulation modalities, state that cellular morphology predict the induced transmembrane polarization along a neuron.
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