ROLE OF CONVENTIONAL HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY IN THE WORK UP OF FEMALE INFERTILITY IN RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, INDIA

Abstract

Background: Infertility is a major problem throughout the world. In a country like India, it is associated with a social stigma. The cause can be multifactorial and many couples are seeking medical help for infertility nowadays. As part of the female infertility workup, hysterosalpingography plays an important role. Methods And Material: A retrospective study was done in the department of Radiodiagnosis of a rural tertiary care hospital, India. All patients who were referred for hysterosalpingography study as part of infertility workup between January 2018 and December 2020 to the department of Radiodiagnosis were included in the study. Results: A total of 173 patients are included in the study. Out of these 173 patients, 3 women had repeat Hysterosalpingography studies. 43.2% of these studies are abnormal. 56.8% cases showed normal ndings. Tubal abnormalities were the most common accounting for 34.6% of the total studies. Uterine abnormalities were seen in 6.8% of the total studies. Both fallopian tube and uterine abnormalities were seen in 1.7%. Post-operative follow-up imaging was available for 3 patients. All three patients had a bilateral tubal block in the rst study and showed tubal patency in post recanalization HSG study. Conclusion: Hysterosalpingography is a lesser invasive procedure, cost-effective, and does not require anesthesia compared to laparoscopy. This is a huge advantage, especially in a rural setup. It can be considered as a screening investigation along with an ultrasound examination. Tubal blockage is the most common abnormality accounting for nearly one-third of the causes of infertility in our study. Tuberculosis should always be ruled out as a cause of tubal blockage in India where it is more prevalent.