Abstract
Applied and basic sciences of clay mineralogy have played significant roles in radioactive waste disposal practices. Clays and clay minerals as in situ lithologic components and engineered barriers are characterized by favorable properties from the viewpoint of radioactive-waste emplacement. Their high sorptivity, longevity, and low permeability make them promising candidates for retaining most natural and anthropogenic long-lived radionuclides within the contaminated and engineered disposal sites. In this review the following subjects are discussed: (1) source-term classification and current and proposed disposal methodology of low-level and high-level wastes: (2) selected physicochemical properties of clays pertinent to site characterization, grouting, and impermeable barrier components; (3) application of clays in current and future waste disposal practices.
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