Abstract
Choline is essential for maintaining the structure and function of cells in humans. Choline plays an important role in eye health and disease. It is a precursor of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, and it is involved in the production and secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. It also contributes to the stability of the cells and tears on the ocular surface and is involved in retinal development and differentiation. Choline deficiency is associated with retinal hemorrhage, glaucoma, and dry eye syndrome. Choline supplementation may be effective for treating these diseases.
Highlights
Choline deficiency has been reported to be associated with retinal diseases, glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, and disorders of the lens, optic nerve, and the visual cortex of the brain
Citicoline, which is known as cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-Choline) or cytidine 5’-diphosphocholine and is an intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine [78], has a protective effect on damaged retinal ganglion cells in the mouse culture retina [79]
Choline is involved in the development and differentiation of the retina and the eye
Summary
Choline is important for maintaining the structure and normal function of cells [1]. It is a precursor of acetylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, and methyl-donor betaine [1,2]. The metabolites of choline include trimethylamine N-oxide, betaine, choline, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and acetylcholine (Ach) [3]. Choline is involved in retinal development and differentiation. Choline deficiency has been reported to be associated with retinal diseases, glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, and disorders of the lens, optic nerve, and the visual cortex of the brain. Choline supplementation may protect the eye from diseases and be an effective treatment for various eye diseases
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