Role of cdc25‐C phosphatase in the immediate G2 delay induced by the exogenous factors epidermal growth factor and phorbolester

Abstract

Studies on the link between cellular signalling and cell cycle control at the G2 checkpoint have shown that, in HeLa cells, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) rapidly inhibit the G2-M transition by preventing the key component of mitosis-promoting factor (MPF), p34cdc2, from expressing protein kinase activity. The kinase activity of active MPF is not inhibited; rather, the conversion of pre-MPF to MPF, i.e., the activating dephosphorylation of p34cdc2, at tyrosine is rapidly blocked (Barth and Kinzel, 1994, Exp. Cell Res. 212:383–388; 1995, J. Cell. Physiol., 162:44–51). The phosphatase responsible, cdc25-C, is activated by phosphorylation in mitotic cells starting at the G2-M transition in an autocatalytic loop with MPF (Hoffmann et al., 1993, EMBO J. 12:53–63). We now show that, concomitant with the prevention of MPF activation, EGF and TPA induced a reduction of the activity of cdc25-C in synchronized cultures. Furthermore, treatment of mitotic HeLa cells with TPA did not influence the kinase activity of MPF but caused a rapid decrease of the specific enzyme activity of cdc25-C, probably due to dephosphorylation of the enzyme, as indicated by reduced binding of monoclonal MPM-2 antibody specific for phosphoepitopes in M phase. Because of its inability to induce signalling during division, EGF failed to influence the activity of cdc25-C in mitotic cells. The scenario in cells late in G2 that are committed to enter mitosis may be as follows: In those cells where the signalling pathways responding to EGF as well as those responding to TPA are still open, cdc25-C is prevented by dephosphorylation from exceeding the threshold level of activity required to initiate the activation of and the autocatalytic feedback loop with p34cdc2 and to enter mitosis. Therefore, cdc25-C appears to represent part of an interface between cellular signalling and cell cycle control in G2 phase. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.