Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Ca2+/Mg2+ in changing biofilm structure and enhancing biofilm formation of P. stutzeri strain XL-2. It was found that Ca2+/Mg2+ stimulated the production of extracellular polymers substances (EPS). More specifically, Ca2+ mainly promoted the secretion of proteins in EPS, while Mg2+ promoted polysaccharides. The stimulation of EPS secretion was essential to promote the biofilm formation of strain XL-2. By the analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Ca2+ mainly interacted with the amide groups in proteins of EPS, and Mg2+ was able to interact with polysaccharides as well as proteins. This interaction between Ca2+/Mg2+ and specific functional groups in EPS acted as a bridge between the EPS matrix, which also promoted the biofilm formation and made the biofilm structure more compact. Besides, the charge neutralization and electric double layer compression caused by Ca2+/Mg2+ participated in the formation of biofilm to a certain extent.
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