Role of biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles in antibacterial activity and cefoperazone removal from pharmaceutical wastewater

Abstract

Green biosynthesis of nanoparticles is emerging as a reliable technology that may be a viable alternative to chemical and physical processes. This study reports a cost-effective and eco-friendly green biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) using Ivy leaf extract for the first time. The biosynthesized TiO2 NPs were characterized by FT-IR, SEM-EDX, TEM, UV–Vis, BET, and XRD. FT-IR spectrum confirmed the involvement of flavonoids and polyphenols in the stabilization/capping bioreduction of TiO2 NPs while XRD characterized the crystallographic plane of the Anatase phase. The average crystallite size was 26.34 nm of TiO2 NPs and EDX showed strong titanium signal characteristic peaks. The maximum absorption peak at 336 nm was investigated in the UV range with an energy band gap of 3.61 eV. The mesoporous structure of TiO2 NPs was revealed with a surface area of 69.556 m²/g. The biofabricated TiO2 NPs were used for cefoperazone (cefo) wastewater removal via an adsorption technique. The most suitable isothermal model was found to be Langmuir and the maximum removal capacity was 188.0 mg/g. An actual successful implementation approach was conducted to remove the contaminated Cefo-pharmaceutical wastewater. The biosynthesized TiO2 NPs as potential drugs against bacterial pathogens in the future may be used according to our investigations. Cefo@TiO2 NPs inhibition zones were found to be the most potent more than TiO2 NPs itself, where they showed 29±0.3 and 28±0.3 mm for P. aeruginosa and E. coli, respectively, and 28±0.3 and 25±0.9 mm for B. subtilis and S. aureus, respectively.