Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles is regarded as a safe and non-toxic process over conventional synthesis. Owing to the medicinal value of biologically derived biomolecules and utilizing them in synergy with nanoscience to offer more accurate therapeutic options to various diseases is an emerging field. One such study we present here with highlights of the synthesis and efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles produced from the extract of Aspergillus niger SAP2211 (accession number: MK503444.1) as an antimicrobial, anti-cancerous and anti-angiogenic agent. The synthesized Ag-NPs were characterized following UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM, and were found to possess bactericidal activity against the selected pathogenic microbes, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi. Further, we evaluated cytotoxicity effect of this biogenic Ag-NPs using MMT assay on normal cardio myoblast (H9C2) and cancerous human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. Doxorubicin used as positive control. This Ag-NPs have shown trivial cytotoxicity at the IC50 concentration on normal cells (IC50 = 47.17 µg/ml) over the cancer cells (IC50 = 8.609 µg/ml) with nearly 7 fold difference, indicating it as a selective anti-cancerous agent in contrast to standard drug doxorubicin (IC50 = 6.338 µg/ml). Further in-vitro assessment of wound healing capability by scratch wound healing assay, invasion by transwell matrigel invasion assay, and apoptosis via DAPI and annexin V-FITC assays were studied in HeLa cells. Synthesized biogenic Ag-NPs have shown to be anti-angiogenic in nature, which was established by in-vivo chick chorioallantois membrane assay. Overall, in vitro studies revealed that biogenic Ag-NPs positively inhibited migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis, and in-vivo CAM assay revealed that intercapillary network was reduced and the angiogenesis was inhibited.
Highlights
Cancer is a life-threatening disease that is responsible for the majority of fatalities worldwide (Gao et al, 2013)
Higher dose of Ag-NPs showed a significant decrease in invasion rate than the lower doses of AgNPs (Figure 8E). These results suggest that Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) chemoattractant increases the cell invasion capacity of the cells but this effect is attenuated with the Ag-NPs treatment, reducing the migration rate similar to the conventional anti-cancerous drug doxorubicin
This study is focused on Aspergillus strain MK503444.1 isolated from marine sponge, and evaluation of its bactericidal activity induced by the Ag-NPs paving a way to overcome the grave global concern of MDR
Summary
Cancer is a life-threatening disease that is responsible for the majority of fatalities worldwide (Gao et al, 2013). One of the most ardent aim is the creation of robust and effective anti-cancer medications. The biocompatible metal nanoparticles have been extensively employed for medical applications in humans considering the dose implementation of low toxicity. Metal-based silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have sparked interest due to their unique physicochemical properties such as chemical stability and electrical conductivity (Sharma et al, 2009) and biological properties, including anti-bacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-angiogenesis, anticancer, and anti-platelet properties (Wong and Liu, 2010; Krishnaraj et al, 2012; Monteiro et al, 2012). Ag-NPs and its ions are documented to be an efficient antimicrobial agent against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, thereby plummeting the problem of multi-drug resistance (Yoon et al, 2007; Cavassin et al, 2015; Salem et al, 2015; Gahlawat et al, 2016), because of their size similarity, Ag-NPs can interact with and pass through the cell wall and membrane, directly impacting intracellular components
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