Abstract
Role of Bioreactors in Regeneration of Articular Cartilage
Highlights
Cartilage defect repair is challenging because of its avascular nature, poor regenerative capacity, complex stratified architecture, disparate biomechanical property,(1) and intrinsic mesenchymal stem cell population.[2]
In tissue engineering of articular cartilage, in addition to requiring adequate biofunctional proliferable cell sources and bioactive signalling molecules, an appropriate culture environment is important for generating 3D cartilage constructs in vitro
One approach may be to utilize bioreactors to provide environmental conditions that stimulate those of chondrogenesis.[15]. Through the creation of an in vitro cell culture process inside a bioreactor under dynamic flow conditions, it is possible to facilitate mass transfer and control both microenvironmental parameters, such as temperature, pH, pressure, oxygen tension, metabolites, regulatory molecules, shear stress, and electrical pacing, and aseptic parameters, such as feeding, waste removal, and sampling resulting in increased production of cartilage specific matrix, proteins.[3,10,14] There are several types of bioreactors used in tissue engineering
Summary
Cartilage defect repair is challenging because of its avascular nature, poor regenerative capacity, complex stratified architecture, disparate biomechanical property,(1) and intrinsic mesenchymal stem cell population.[2]. Cartilage synthesis in vitro has been one of the major limitations for obtaining high-quality engineered cartilage constructs.[13,14] To address these limitations, one approach may be to utilize bioreactors to provide environmental conditions that stimulate those of chondrogenesis.[15] Through the creation of an in vitro cell culture process inside a bioreactor under dynamic flow conditions, it is possible to facilitate mass transfer and control both microenvironmental parameters, such as temperature, pH, pressure, oxygen tension, metabolites, regulatory molecules, shear stress, and electrical pacing, and aseptic parameters, such as feeding, waste removal, and sampling resulting in increased production of cartilage specific matrix, proteins.[3,10,14] There are several types of bioreactors used in tissue engineering. The review will be concluded with future recommendations in this particular area
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