Role of Auxin and Gibberellin in Differentiation of Primary Phloem Fibers

Abstract

The hypothesis that auxin and gibberellic acid (GA(3)) control the differentiation of primary phloem fibers is confirmed for the stem of Coleus blumei Benth. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) alone sufficed to cause the differentiation of a few primary phloem fibers. In long term experiments auxin induced a considerable number of fibers in mature internodes. GA(3) by itself did not exert any effect on fiber differentiation. Combinatiosn of IAA with GA(3) completely replaced the role of the leaves in primary phloem fiber differentiation qualitatively and quantitatively. Although the combined effect of the two growth hormones diminished considerably with increasing distance from the source of induction, auxin with GA(3) or IAA alone induced fibers in a few internodes below the application site. When various combinations of both hormones were applied, high concentrations of IAA stimulated rapid differentiation of fibers with thick secondary walls, while high levels of GA(3) resulted in long fibers with thin walls. The size of the primary phloem fibers correlated with the dimensions of the differentiating internode, thereby providing evidence that both growth regulators figure in the control of stem extension. High IAA/low GA(3) concentrations have an inhibitory effect on internode elongation, whereas low IAA/high GA(3) concentrations promote maximal stem elongation.