Role of apparent diffusion coefficient values for the differentiation of viable and necrotic areas of breast cancer and its potential utility to guide voxel positioning for MRS in the absence of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data

Abstract

We carried out retrospective analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in 48 infiltrating ductal breast cancer patients who had dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCEMRI; Group I) and in 53 patients (Group II) for whom DCEMRI data were not available. Twenty-three patients of Group I showed no necrosis (Group Ia), while in 25 patients, both viable (nonnecrotic) and necrotic tumor areas (Group Ib) were observed on DCEMRI. T1-weighted, fat-suppressed and short inversion recovery images were used to identify the viable and necrotic tumor areas in Group II patients, and necrosis was not seen in 11 patients (Group IIa), while 42 (Group IIb) showed both viable and necrotic tumor areas. The ADCs of the necrotic area of Group Ib (1.79±0.30 ×10−3 mm2/s) and Group IIb (1.83±0.40 ×10−3 mm2/s) patients were similar and significantly higher (P<.01) compared to the ADCs of the viable tumor area of Group Ia (0.96±0.21 ×10−3 mm2/s) and Group IIa (0.90±0.17 ×10−3 mm2/s) patients. Proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) data were also available in these patients, and the ADC values were retrospectively determined from the voxel from which MR spectrum was obtained. These values were compared with the ADC obtained for the viable and necrotic areas of the tumor. ADC of the MRS voxel was similar to that obtained for the viable tumor area in patients of both groups. This interesting observation reveals the potential utility of using ADC values to identify viable tumor area for positioning of voxel for MRS in the absence of DCEMRI data.