Role of Antifungal Therapy in Treating different Types of Fungal Infections and it’s Future: A Systematic Review

Abstract

An estimated 20-25 percent of the world's population has a fungal infection, which is most commonly a Trichophyton type of infection, making fungal disease infection one of the most common types of infection worldwide. Due to drug resistance and changes in the morphology of the fungi, treating fungal infections in humans is one of the most difficult cases to cure. Since 1960, the discovery of systemic antifungal chemotherapy has made a substantial contribution to the treatment of the majority of human fungal infections. Antifungal agents' chemotherapy rely completely on their ability to disrupt the integrity of the plasma membrane, cell wall, cell metabolism, mitotic activity, or inhibit fungal cell formation. Topically (to treat local infections) or systemically (to heal skin infections) antifungal treatments are available (systemic infections treatment). Structure, solubility, mode of action, pharmacokinetics, activity spectrum, therapeutic impact (fungicidal or fungistatic), and toxicity are all characteristics of antifungal medicines. The emerging of multi-drug-resistant fungal diseases has given rise to a new class of fungal infections. The availability of medications that target fungal cells rather than human cells further restricts pharmaceutical options for treating fungal infections. A brief systematic overview of the types of fungal infections, characteristics of antifungal medicines, and the future of antifungal therapy has been clearly stated in the current review so that it can be utilised in further upcoming study.