Role of angiotensin receptor blockers as monotherapy in reaching blood pressure goals

Abstract

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure emphasizes the urgent need to lower blood pressure (BP) to a goal of <140/90 mm Hg in patients with uncomplicated hypertension and to <130/80 mm Hg in high-risk patients, such as those with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease, to prevent cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Consequently, a meaningful measure of the efficacy of an antihypertensive therapy is its ability to achieve BP reduction to below the recommended BP goals. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) are highly effective antihypertensive agents with excellent tolerability profiles similar to those of placebo. A literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and BIOSIS to identify studies reporting data on the percentage of patients attaining BP goals found that monotherapy with an ARB can generally result in the attainment of the diastolic BP (DBP) goal of <90 mm Hg in approximately 50% of hypertensive patients. However, to our knowledge, the attainment of the systolic BP (SBP) and combined SBP/DBP goals with ARB monotherapy has not been reported. Therefore, a secondary analysis of BP efficacy data from a published study that directly compared recommended starting doses of four currently marketed ARB was performed to assess combined SBP and DBP goal attainment. This analysis showed that the percentage of patients achieving the combined SBP/DBP goal rate of <140/90 mm Hg was highest with olmesartan medoxomil (32.4%) compared with recommended starting doses of losartan potassium (16.1%), valsartan (14.5%), or irbesartan (25.9%). Optimal ARB monotherapy can achieve recommended BP goals in a significant proportion of hypertensive patients. However, the majority of hypertensive patients will require combination therapy with two or more antihypertensive agents.