Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the leading health issues that are egregiously threatening human life throughout the world. Several epidemiological studies have examined the relationship of a particular matter < 10 μm (PM10) exposure and with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence and incidence. Accordingly, the current study is a study investigating the independent influence of air pollution (AP) and rs10830963 on the incidence of T2DM. A total number of 2428 adults over 20 years of age participated in a prospective cohort (TCGS) during a 9-year follow-up phase. The concentration of AP was measured, and the obtained values were considered the mean level in three previous years since the exposure concentration took the people living in that location. The COX regression model was employed to determine the influence of AP and rs10830963 on the incidence of T2DM in adjustment with covariate factors. Among the 392 T2DM, 230 cases (58.7%) were female diabetics, and 162 (41.3%) were male diabetics. According to the multivariable-adjusted model, exposure to PM10 (per 10 μm/m3), associated with the risk of T2DM, although just a borderline (p = 0.07) was found in the multivariable model (HR; 1.50, 95% CI; 1-2.32). The rs10830963 was directly associated with the incidence of diabetes, and the GG genotype increased the T2DM rate by 113% (more than two times) (HR; 2.134, 95% CI; 1.42-3.21, p ≤ 0.001) and GC increased it by 65% (HR; 1.65, 95% CI; 1.24-2.21, p ≤ 0.001). Long-term exposure to PM10 was associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Thus, it is suggested that the individuals with variant rs10830963 genotypes fall within a group susceptible to an increased risk of T2DM arising from AP.
Highlights
Today, diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one among the main health issues that are egregiously threatening human life throughout the world [1]
A variety of factors, including genetics [4, 5], lack of physical activity, increased body mass index (BMI), smoking, bad dietary habits, and exposure to air pollution (AP) are among the factors leading to the emergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [5, 6]
The results showed that Model 1 did not have any adjustment, Model 2 shows the effect of particular matter < 10 μm (PM10) and SNP, Model 3 shows interaction of PM10 and SNP, Model 4 show the effect of PM10, SNP, age and gender, and Model 5 adjusted for all covariates (age, gender, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), SNP, education, smoking status, physical activity (Leisure_Met), occupy, LDL, and HDL cholesterol)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one among the main health issues that are egregiously threatening human life throughout the world [1]. DM is the seventh cause of death around the globe, and its prevalence is rising [2] In this regard, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has predicted that there have been at least 415 million diabetes sufferers within the age range of 20–79 years in 2015, and it has been estimated that this number will amount to 642 million cases in 2040 [3]. AP has been at play as a critical issue that has had a terrible toxicological effect on human beings and the environment [7]. In this vein, 5.25% of all deaths have arisen from ambient particulate matter pollution. There are only four cities in Iran that bring about the bulk of AP in such a way that only Tehran has resulted in the number of 4460 deaths in 2013, while the real number seemed to be more severe and is getting worse annually [7]
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