Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a group of compounds that are formed by non-enzymatic reactions between carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and free amino groups of proteins, lipids or nucleic acids, can be obtained exogenously from diet or formed endogenously within the body. AGEs accumulate intracellularly and extracellularly in all tissues and body fluids and can cross-link with other proteins and thus affect their normal functions. Furthermore, AGEs can interact with specific cell surface receptors and hence alter cell intracellular signaling, gene expression, the production of reactive oxygen species and the activation of several inflammatory pathways. High levels of AGEs in diet as well as in tissues and the circulation are pathogenic to a wide range of diseases. With respect to mobility, AGEs accumulate in bones, joints and skeletal muscles, playing important roles in the development of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and sarcopenia with aging. This report covered the related pathological mechanisms and the potential pharmaceutical and dietary intervention strategies in reducing systemic AGEs. More prospective studies are needed to determine whether elevated serum AGEs and/or skin autofluorescence predict a decline in measures of mobility. In addition, human intervention studies are required to investigate the beneficial effects of exogenous AGEs inhibitors on mobility outcomes.
Highlights
Overview of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) What are they? Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds that are formed by non-enzymatic reactions between the carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and the free amino groups of proteins, lipids or nucleic acids
Methods for measuring AGEs and cut-off values for different populations Several analytical methods are available for measurement of circulating or tissue-bound AGEs, e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) [22], fluorescence spectroscopy [78], and mass spectrometry (MS)-based high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/gas chromatography (GC) [79]
Tissue-bound AGEs are usually measured in the skin due to easy accessibility by skin autofluorescence (SAF), a simple and non-invasive technique [78], which has been validated against the gold standard method skin biopsies [81]
Summary
Overview of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) What are they? Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds that are formed by non-enzymatic reactions between the carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and the free amino groups of proteins, lipids or nucleic acids. AGEs are produced in the Maillard reaction, which can cause browning, fluorescence and protein cross-linking, as well as the formation of flavour and aroma compounds [1]. AGEs can be formed within the body and can originate from exogenous sources such as diet and smoking. Chen et al Nutrition & Metabolism (2018) 15:72 has been found as the most abundant AGEs in human plasma [5]. Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of AGEs formation in vivo, the structures of cross-linked AGEs have not been completely determined
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
