Abstract
Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA), a naturally occurring plant growth inhibitor, exerts a number of striking effects on the development of somatic embryos grown in suspension cultures. When added at moderate concentrations to populations of proembryos, ABA permits normal embryonic growth and maturation but inhibits diversions from this pathway. It prevents the initiation and growth of new embryonic centers and the malformation of cotyledons and shoots. In fully formed embryos, it inhibits their germination or conversion into plantlets. ABA also influences cellular differentiation, affecting both anatomy and biochemistry. Its role is to permit the normal progression of the embryonic programs. With ABA, somatic embryos closely resemble zygotic embryos in both structures and behavior. Practically, the manipulation of endogenous or exogenous ABA levels in populations of somatic embryos increases the frequency of embryos that reach maturity and facilitates their manipulation in large scale propagation and mechanized delivery.
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