Role of 5-thio-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-capped gold nanoparticles in the sensing of chromium(vi): remover and sensor

Abstract

This study describes a simple, rapid method for sensing Cr(vi) using 5-thio-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) modified gold nanoparticles (TNBA-AuNPs) as a remover for Cr(iii) and as a sensor for Cr(vi). We discovered that TNBA-AuNPs were dispersed in the presence of Cr(vi), whereas Cr(iii) induced the aggregation of TNBA-AuNPs. Due to this phenomenon, TNBA-AuNPs can be used as a sorbent material for the removal of >90% Cr(iii), without removing Cr(vi). After centrifuging a solution containing Cr(iii), Cr(vi), and TNBA-AuNPs, Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) were separately present in the precipitate and supernatant. In other words, TNBA-AuNPs are capable of separating a mixture of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi). The addition of ascorbic acid to the supernatant resulted in a reduction of Cr(vi) to Cr(iii), driving the aggregation of TNBA-AuNPs. The selectivity of this approach is more than 1000-fold for Cr(vi) over other metal ions. The minimum detectable concentration of Cr(vi) was 1 μM using this approach. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry provided an alternative for the quantification of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) after a mixture of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) had been separated by TNBA-AuNPs. The applicability of this approach was validated through the analysis of Cr(vi) in environmental water samples.