Abstract
We have long known that rod and cone signals interact within the retina and can even contribute to color vision, but the extent of these influences has remained unclear. New results with more powerful methods of RNA expression profiling, specific cell labeling, and single-cell recording have provided greater clarity and are showing that rod and cone signals can mix at virtually every level of signal processing. These interactions influence the integration of retinal signals and make an important contribution to visual perception.
Highlights
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Gordon told Land about his experiments on interactions between rod and cone signals in the mudpuppy retina[3], and Land invited him to the research laboratory of the Polaroid Corporation to meet Land’s associate John McCann, who was working on rod contributions to color vision
He showed with little doubt that rods could contribute to the perception of hue[4,5]. His results and those of other psychophysicists have provided clear evidence of a contribution of rods to color. In addition to these experiments, a large body of psychophysical literature indicates that signals derived from rods and cones can interact at many levels in the retina
Summary
There is a large psychophysical literature describing rod and cone interactions in visual behavior as well as detailed information about the anatomy and physiology of sites within the retina where rod and cone interactions can occur, we still know very little about which sites produce which behaviors. The tools currently available for investigating retinal processing continue to evolve and are vastly more powerful than even 10 years ago. As these tools improve, we may be able to explain more clearly how the rod and cone systems in the eye function separately and together to produce a coherent perception of the world around us. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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