Abstract

Two rectification mechanisms in vortex lattice dynamics in Nb films have been studied.These two effects are based on ratchet effects, that is, an ac driving force inducesa net dc vortex flow. In our case, an input ac current applied to the Nb films,grown on top of arrays of Ni nanotriangles, yields an output dc voltage. These tworectification effects occur when the vortex lattice moves in periodic asymmetricpotentials. These pinning potentials are induced by the array of Ni triangles. In oneconfiguration (longitudinal effect) the driven force is applied perpendicular to the trianglereflection symmetry axis; in the second one (transverse effect) the input current isinjected parallel to the triangle reflection symmetry axis. In the framework ofthe rocking ratchet mechanism, the appropriate Langevin equation allows us tomodel the experimental data, taking into account the vortex–vortex interaction.

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