Rocking-chair ammonium ion battery with high rate and long-cycle life

Abstract

Aqueous rechargeable ammonium-ion batteries (AIBs) have drew considerable attention because of their capacity for high rates, low cost, and high safety. However, developing desired electrodes requiring stable structure in the aqueous fast ammoniation/de-ammoniation becomes urgent. Herein, an ammonium ion full battery using Cu3[Fe(CN)6]2 (CuHCF) acting to be a cathode and barium vanadate (BVO) acting to be an anode is described. Its excellent electrochemical behavior of Prussian blue analogs and the perfectly matched lattice structure of NH4+ is expected. And the open structure of vanadium compounds satisfies the fast ammoniation/de-ammoniation of NH4+ is also achieved. As a result of these synergistic effects, the BVO//CuHCF full cell retains 80.5 percent of its capacity following 1000 cycling. These achievements provide new ideas for developing low-cost and long-life AIBs.