Abstract
In this paper, we propose a realistic model to investigate the cascading failure process in a cyber-physical power system (CPPS) which can be topologically modeled as an interdependent system consisting of a power network and a cyber-network. To evaluate the robustness of CPPS against cyber-attacks, we take into consideration the effects of computer malware spreading, power redistribution and overloading, and the interdependency between the coupled networks, and then adopt the stochastic failure model to calculate the time interval between the initial cyber-attack and a given level of power loss. We conduct a critical node analysis on the power network to identify the important buses whose removals are likely to trigger a serious blackout. Based on the results of the critical node analysis, we propose both deterministic and stochastic coupling strategies for an asymmetric CPPS with two subnetworks with unequal sizes, to improve its robustness against both random and intentional cyber-attacks. The simulation results on CPPSs built on IEEE 118 Bus and 300 Bus power systems indicate that the proposed coupling methods can effectively improve the system robustness against cyber-attacks.
Highlights
Nowadays, a variety of critical physical systems are managed by a particular cyber system, and the whole system is usually referred to as a cyber-physical system (CPS) [1], [2]
Modern smart grids can be regarded as typical cyber-physical power systems (CPPSs), in which the physical layer is the electrical apparatus in the power system and the cyber layer work are computers for communications, control, and monitoring of the physical layer
This paper presented a novel model to investigate the cascading failure process in CPPSs triggered by cyber malware attacks
Summary
A variety of critical physical systems are managed by a particular cyber system, and the whole system is usually referred to as a cyber-physical system (CPS) [1], [2]. In 2010, Buldyrev et al introduced the concept of interdependent network and proposed a one-to-one coupling cascading failure model between communication and power networks to explain the 2003 electrical blackout in Italy [13] In this work, they generated two random graphs and defined a dependency link between every pair of nodes from different networks. Vespignani [14] studied the robustness and cascading failures in interdependent networks and highlighted the vulnerability of tightly coupled infrastructures and showed the need to consider mutually dependent network properties in designing resilient systems Following these pioneering works, researchers conducted a number of more in-depth studies on interdependent networks, concerning coupling patterns [15], [16], critical node analysis [17] and vulnerability against attacks [18], [19].
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