Robust watermarking using orthogonal Fourier–Mellin moments and chaotic map for double images

Abstract

In this paper, a robust watermarking scheme based on orthogonal Fourier–Mellin moments and chaotic map is introduced, which achieves copyright authentication for double images simultaneously. The proposed scheme consists of an ownership registration phase and a verification phase. Compared to the congeneric schemes, the new scheme achieves a high level security and saves storage space. Firstly, two images are combined into a single-channel architecture, then the feature invariants derived from orthogonal Fourier–Mellin moments are computed and utilized to construct a binary feature image. Together with the watermark, they are scrambled by chaotic map and subsequently used for generating the verification image. Experimental results demonstrate the validity and security of the proposed scheme as well as its robustness against different attacks.