Robust Sensor Networks in Homes via Reactive Channel Hopping

Abstract

Home area networks (HANs) consisting of wireless sensors have emerged as the enabling technology for important applications such as smart energy and assisted living. A key challenge faced in deploying robust wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for home automation applications is the need to provide long-term, reliable operation in the face of the varied sources of interference found in typical residential settings. To better understand the channel dynamics in these environments, we performed an in-depth empirical study of the performance of HANs in ten real-life apartments. Our empirical study leads to several key insights into designing robust HANs for residential environments. For example, we discover that there is not always a persistently good channel over 24 hours in many apartments; that reliability is strongly correlated across adjacent channels; and that interference does not exhibit cyclic behavior at daily or weekly timescales. Nevertheless, reliability can be maintained through a small number of channel hops. Based on these insights, we propose Adaptive and Robust Channel Hopping (ARCH) protocol, a lightweight receiver-oriented protocol which handles the dynamics of residential environments by reactively channel hopping when channel conditions have degraded. We evaluate our approach through a series of simulations based on real data traces as well as a testbed deployment in real-world apartments. Our results demonstrate that ARCH can reduce the number of packet retransmissions by Type of Report: Other Department of Computer Science & Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1045 St. Louis, MO 63130 ph: (314) 935-6160 Robust Sensor Networks in Homes via Reactive Channel Hopping Mo Sha, Greg Hackmann, Chenyang Lu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis, USA {sham, gwh2, lu}@cse.wustl.edu