Abstract
This paper studies the sensor geometry design problem of sky-wave time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) localization systems under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenario where signals are reflected by ionosphere-layer before arriving at sensors. Traditionally, the optimal sensor geometries for line-of-sight (LOS) scenarios have been derived. However, ionosphere-layer heights (IHs) are generally inaccurately known. IH errors can severely degrade localization performance but the joint estimation of IHs and target location is conventionally an ill-conditioning problem. To solve this problem, we propose a grouped sensor geometry, which enables the joint estimation of IHs and target location. In this way, we improve the robustness against IH errors in sky-wave TDOA localization. Theoretical analysis and performance comparison validate that the superiority of our proposed grouped sensor geometry.
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