Abstract
The new developments in mobile edge computing (MEC) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications has positioned 5G and beyond in a strong position to answer the market need towards future emerging intelligent transportation systems and smart city applications. The major attractive features of V2X communication is the inherent ability to adapt to any type of network, device, or data, and to ensure robustness, resilience and reliability of the network, which is challenging to realize. In this work, we propose to drive further these features by proposing a novel robust, resilient and reliable architecture for V2X communication based on harnessing MEC and blockchain technology. A three stage computing service is proposed. Firstly, a hierarchcial computing architecture is deployed spanning over the vehicular network that constitutes cloud computing (CC), edge computing (EC), fog computing (FC) nodes. The resources and data bases can migrate from the high capacity cloud services (furthest away from the individual node of the network) to the edge (medium) and low level fog node, according to computing service requirements. Secondly, the resource allocation filters the data according to its significance, and rank the nodes according to their usability, and selects the network technology according to their physical channel characteristics. Thirdly, we propose a blockchain-based transaction service that ensures reliability. We discussed two use cases for experimental analysis, plug-in electric vehicles in smart grid scenarios, and massive IoT data services for autonomous cars. The results show that car connectivity prediction is accurate 98% of the times, where 92% more data blocks are added using micro-blockchain solution compared to the public blockchain, where it is able to reduce the time to sign and compute the proof-of-work (PoW), and deliver a low-overhead Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. This approach can be considered a strong candidate architecture for future V2X, and with more general application for everything-to-everything (X2X) communications.
Highlights
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are turning everything around us into digital data products and services
To provide different layers and interfaces for computing power depending on the peak data rates, latency, spectral efficiency, mobility and connection density, we propose three layers of computing in the proposed architecture
We propose cleansing and enrichment of the data before content storage or transmission, and prioritization of data according to the criticality of the data and the applications
Summary
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are turning everything around us into digital data products and services. CPS are used to connect all devices through gateways to the central cloud platform requiring a robust, resilient and reliable architectures [1]. In V2X, the in-built vehicle sensor platforms use centralization of different functionalities through a built-in server of the vehicle connected via many actuators, such as CAN, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth technologies. The complexity of these centralized implementation of in-built sensors to the outside world is dependent on how much services are required from outside resources. More than ever before, the new trends and technical enhancements in V2X communications need a holistic, robust, resilient and reliable architecture to tackle the current issues [21]–[26]. The subsection provides the current design and evaluation of available architectures, discussing their strengths and weaknesses
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