Robust osteogenic efficacy of 2α-heteroarylalkyl vitamin D analogue AH-1 in VDR (R270L) hereditary vitamin D-dependent rickets model rats

Abstract

Active vitamin D form 1α,25-dihydroxtvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) plays pivotal roles in calcium homeostasis and osteogenesis via its transcription regulation effect via binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR). Mutated VDR often causes hereditary vitamin D-dependent rickets (VDDR) type II, and patients with VDDR-II are hardly responsive to physiological doses of 1,25(OH)D3. Current therapeutic approaches, including high doses of oral calcium and supraphysiologic doses of 1,25(OH)2D3, have limited success and fail to improve the quality of life of affected patients. Thus, various vitamin D analogues have been developed as therapeutic options. In our previous study, we generated genetically modified rats with mutated Vdr(R270L), an ortholog of human VDR(R274L) isolated from the patients with VDDR-II. The significant reduced affinity toward 1,25(OH)2D3 of rat Vdr(R270L) enabled us to evaluate biological activities of exogenous VDR ligand without 1α-hydroxy group such as 25(OH)D3. In this study, 2α-[2-(tetrazol-2-yl)ethyl]-1α,25(OH)2D3 (AH-1) exerted much higher affinity for Vdr(R270L) in in vitro ligand binding assay than both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3. A robust osteogenic activity of AH-1 was observed in Vdr(R270L) rats. Only a 40-fold lower dose of AH-1 than that of 25(OH)D3 was effective in ameliorating rickets symptoms in Vdr(R270L) rats. Therefore, AH-1 may be promising for the therapy of VDDR-II with VDR(R274L).