Abstract
Nuclear spin ensembles in diamond are promising candidates for quantum sensing applications, including rotation sensing. Here we perform a characterization of the optically detected nuclear-spin transitions associated with the 14N nuclear spin within diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. We observe nuclear-spin-dependent fluorescence with the contrast of optically detected 14N nuclear Rabi oscillations comparable to that of the NV electron spin. Using Ramsey spectroscopy, we investigate the temperature and magnetic-field dependence of the nuclear spin transitions in the 77.5-420 K and 350-675 G range, respectively. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constant Q was found to vary with temperature T yielding d|Q|/dT=-35.0(2) Hz/K at T=297 K. The temperature and magnetic field dependencies reported here are important for quantum sensing applications such as rotation sensing and potentially for applications in quantum information processing.
Highlights
Quantum sensors based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spin qubits in diamond are used in a number of sensing modalities, including magnetometry, electrometry, and thermometry [1,2,3,4]
In this work, motivated by the development of diamondbased rotation sensors, we investigated the nonlinear temperature and magnetic field dependence of the 14N hyperfine spin transitions in an ensemble of diamond NV centers
These measurements were enabled by a direct optical readout technique optimized in this work
Summary
Quantum sensors based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spin qubits in diamond are used in a number of sensing modalities, including magnetometry, electrometry, and thermometry [1,2,3,4]. One avenue that has been explored is the use of conditional microwave pulses to map nuclear spin states onto NV electron spin states, which requires the use of both radio-frequency and microwave fields [9,10,11] This approach has been shown [8] to achieve a readout contrast of C 10−2, approaching the contrast realized with NV electron spin ensembles [4]. Mapping pulses near the excited-state level anticrossing (ESLAC) [8,9,10] The advantage of this technique is that it directly provides information about the nuclear spin states without precise knowledge of the electron spin transition frequencies. Our results hold promise for quantum sensing applications requiring minimal magnetic field and temperature dependence, including gyroscopes and clocks [13]
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