Abstract
Exponential decrease in oil and natural gas resources, increasing global warming issues and insufficiency of fossil fuels has shifted the focus to fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FHEVs). FHEV model used in this work consists of fuel cell, ultracapacitor and battery. Non-linearities present in the vehicle model dominate because of extreme driving conditions like rough terrains, slippery roads or hilly areas. Behavior of components like energy sources, induction motors and power processing blocks deviate significantly from their normal behavior when driving in highly demanding situations. To tackle these shortcomings, non-linear controllers are preferred because of their efficiency. In literature, different controllers have been proposed for either the energy sources or the induction motor separately, whereas this research work focuses on a unified hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) model to simultaneously control the energy sources and the induction motor. The model used is a complete representation of electric system of FHEV and increases the performance of the vehicle. This unified model provides improved DC bus voltage regulation along with speed tracking when subjected to European extra urban drive cycle (EUDC). In this work, Robust Integral Backstepping and Robust Backstepping controllers have been designed. Lyapunov based analysis ensures the global stability of the system. Performance of proposed controllers is validated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. A comparative analysis is also given to illustrate the importance of the unified model proposed in this work.
Highlights
Carbon dioxide (CO2) makes 65% of the global greenhouse gases and its majority portion is attributed to transport industry [1]
The supremacy of the proposed unified model over the conventional fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FHEVs) model is highlighted by the results of one of the most widely used linear control techniques
The models are subjected to same load profile as shown in figure 3.Proportional Integral (PI) controller is applied to both the models and the results in figure 4 clearly show that the unified model performs better voltage regulation with similar control efforts for both the models
Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) makes 65% of the global greenhouse gases and its majority portion is attributed to transport industry [1]. The carbon footprint of renewable energy sources is far less as compared to conventional fossil fuels or natural gas resources. A lot of research is focused on the utilization of these renewable energy sources to mitigate the global environmental losses [2]. Plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), battery electric vehicles (BEV) and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FHEV) serve as a solution to the problems of fuel crisis and pollution related environmental issues [3], [4]. BEVs and PHEVs both need electricity from grid to charge the batteries. The major downside of these two types is that the setup costs of charging stations is too high and overall power generation is required
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