Abstract
In this paper, a simple fast electromagnetic (EM) optimization method for substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filters is presented. The feature parameter deviations are estimated by direct response approximation based on the feature parameter model with few times quasi-Newton method. The parameter extraction process is more concise than the parameter identification techniques based on the rational polynomial model and can be used for lossless networks as well as lossy networks. The dimension correction is based on the Jacobian matrix which relates the physical dimensions and the feature parameters. An analytical general mapping model for SIW filters is extracted and applied to generate and update the Jacobian matrix for the first time. The extracted model can be directly used for SIW filter design without repeated extraction. This helps to minimize the number of EM simulations and avoid extra work for model extraction. Using general mapping model can overcome the robustness issue introduced by Broyden update methods. The number of EM simulations required to meet the specifications can be significantly reduced. The effectivity and robustness of the proposed method is validated by two design examples: a 10-order SIW Chebyshev filter and a 5-order SIW cross-coupled filter. The proposed method exhibits low complexity, good stability, good convergence speed and the ability to avoid being trapped in local minimum.
Highlights
The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology demonstrates enormous value and has attracted more attention due to the advantages of low loss, low cost, compact size, mass-producible and easy integration with other planar circuits [1]–[3]
The mapping model is general and does not need to be extracted repeatedly. It helps to minimize the number of EM simulations and avoid the extra work in repeated model extraction
The convergence curves of different optimization methods for the 5-order SIW cross-coupled filter is shown in Fig. 22, from which we found that the ASM method does not perform well for this design
Summary
The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology demonstrates enormous value and has attracted more attention due to the advantages of low loss, low cost, compact size, mass-producible and easy integration with other planar circuits [1]–[3]. The proposed method uses the extracted analytical general mapping model to compute the initial Jacobian matrix This approach helps to minimize the number of the EM simulations. Some advanced optimization techniques based on coupling matrix identification or surrogate model have been proposed and the EM optimization speed can be improved significantly These methods can be viewed as a process of error estimation and correction. Focus on SIW filters, these optimization techniques require many times of EM model simulations for matrix initialization Another problem is that using forward prediction to correct Jacobian matrix or surrogate model may cause instability. In order to overcome this robustness issue and minimize the EM simulation number for SIW filter optimization, a fast optimization based on general analytical mapping model is proposed. The proposed method estimates and corrects the dimension errors of SIW filters by using a feature parameter vector and the general mapping model
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