Abstract
Initialization of composite quantum systems into highly entangled states is usually a must to enable their use for quantum technologies. However, unavoidable noise in the preparation stage makes the system state mixed, hindering this goal. Here, we address this problem in the context of identical particle systems within the operational framework of spatially localized operations and classical communication (sLOCC). We define the entanglement of formation for an arbitrary state of two identical qubits. We then introduce an entropic measure of spatial indistinguishability as an information resource. Thanks to these tools we find that spatial indistinguishability, even partial, can be a property shielding nonlocal entanglement from preparation noise, independently of the exact shape of spatial wave functions. These results prove quantum indistinguishability is an inherent control for noise-free entanglement generation.
Highlights
The discovery and utilization of purely quantum resources is an ongoing issue for basic research in quantum mechanics and quantum information processing[1,2]
We introduce the degree of indistinguishability as an entropic measure of information, tunable by the shapes of spatial wave functions
We find spatial indistinguishability can act as a tailored property protecting entanglement generation against noise
Summary
The discovery and utilization of purely quantum resources is an ongoing issue for basic research in quantum mechanics and quantum information processing[1,2]. Processes of quantum metrology[3], quantum key distribution[4], teleportation[5], or quantum sensing[6] essentially rely on the entanglement feature[7,8]. Characterizing peculiar features linked to particle indistinguishability in composite systems assumes importance from both the fundamental and technological points of view. One aspect that remains unexplored is how the continuous control of the spatial configurations of one-particle wave functions, ruling the degree of indistinguishability of the particles, influences noisy entangled state preparation.
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