Abstract
The energy internet (EI) is a wide area power network that efficiently combines new energy technology and information technology, resulting in bidirectional on-demand power transmission and rational utilization of distributed energy resources (DERs). Since the stability of local network is a prerequisite for the normal operation of the entire EI, the direct current (DC) bus voltage stabilization for each individual DC microgrid (MG) is a core issue. In this paper, the dynamics of the EI system is modeled with a continuous stochastic system, which simultaneously considers related time-varying delays and norm-bounded modeling uncertainty. Meanwhile, the voltage stabilization issue is converted into a robust H ∞ control problem solved via a linear matrix inequality approach. To avoid the situation of over-control, constraints are set in controllers. The problem of finding a balance between voltage regulation performance and constraints for the controllers was also extensively investigated. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed methods is evaluated with numerical simulations.
Highlights
In the past few decades, the usage of distributed energy resources (DERs) has attracted a significant amount of attention due to their sustainability and environmental friendliness [1,2]
It is notable that the natural characteristics of power generation by DERs, e.g., wind turbine generators (WTs) and photovoltaic panels (PVs), are heavily weather-dependent and over-flexible, which has a significant impact on the accessed conventional power systems [3]
Within the scenario of future energy internet (EI), solar power, wind power and hydro power can be viewed as the main power generation sources, which can be integrated with energy storage devices and various loads
Summary
In the past few decades, the usage of distributed energy resources (DERs) has attracted a significant amount of attention due to their sustainability and environmental friendliness [1,2]. It is supposed that the considered EI scenario is disconnected with the main power grid and such an EI consists of multiple DC MGs, which are interconnected via ERs. We assume that each MG is composed of PVs, WTs, loads, micro-turbines (MTs), diesel engine generators (DGs), fuel cells (FCs), battery energy storages (BESs) and flywheel energy storages (FESs). Corresponding to the fusion of energy and information in EI, the communication time delay is taken into consideration when formulating the dynamical equations of ERs. Second, when investigating the transient power dynamics in MGs, system modelling errors are accounted. The stochastic nature of solar power, wind power and loads are fully considered and their power dynamical equations are modelled with SDEs. The voltage regulation issue based on this particular system where communication time delay, system parameter uncertainty and system stochasticity are considered simultaneously has not been considered before within the scope of EI.
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