Robust coexistence with alternative competition strategy in the spatial cyclic game of five species.

Abstract

Alternative strategy is common in animal populations to promote reproductive fitness by obtaining resources. In spatial dynamics of cyclic competition, reproduction can occur when individuals obtain vacant rooms and, in this regard, empty sites should be resources for reproduction which can be induced by interspecific competition. In this paper, we study the role of alternative competition in the spatial system of cyclically competing five species by utilizing rock-paper-scissors-lizard-spock game. From Monte-Carlo simulations, we found that strong alternative competition can lead to the reemergence of coexistence of five species regardless of mobility, which is never reported in previous works under the symmetric competition structure. By investigating the coexistence probability, we also found that coexistence alternates by passing certain degrees of alternative competition in combination with mobility. In addition, we provided evidences in the opposite scenario by strengthening spontaneous competition, which exhibits the reemergence of coexistence similarly. Our findings may suggest more comprehensive perspectives to interpret mechanisms for biodiversity by alternative strategies in spatially extended systems than previously reported.